Animala and Human Language Essay

AAnimals and human manner of speakingFeatures and characteristicsLinguistics is delimitate as the organized study of language a discipline which describes language in each(prenominal) its aspects and formulates theories as to how it works . lecture is the specialized grave noteing organization which seems to be genetic ally programmed to develop in existence. Humans give the gate, of course, pass away in numerous opposite ways, they washstand work, wave, smile, tap someone on the shoulder, and so on.It is clear that humans can transfer language to various other media written symbols, Braille, sign language , and so on. Sign language is particular proposition has interesting characteristics which are not to be participated in spoken word. However, language based on sound is more widespread and more staple fibre , so it is given more importance in this analysis. Language is apart(predicate) of culture, it is apart of human behavior. It is an acquired habit of systematic vocal activity representing meanings advance from human experience.Some features of difference amidst human language and fleshly communication. Use of sound signalsWhen wolfs leave with on another, they may do so by a variety of means. Grabs, for example, communicate by waving their claws at one another. still such method are not as widespread as the use of sounds, which are employed by humans , bird s, monkeys, and many other species. So our use of sound is no way unique. Sound signals have some(prenominal) advantages . They can be employ in the dark , and at some distance to allow several messages to be sent.By regarding language basically as sound,. The linguist can take the advantage of the fact that all human beings piddle linguistic process sounds with essentially the same equipment. Even foreign language may sound strange or difficult to use , al of them can be described by accounting the movement of the articulatory organs that stimulate them.ArbitrarinessAn anima l communication, their a strong recognizable link between the actualsignal and the message an animal wishes to convey .An animal who wishes to blame off an opponent may simulate an attacking attitude . In human language there is no link between the signal and the message .The symbols used are arbitrary .There is no connection, for example , between the word elephant and the animal it symbolizes. Onomatopoeic words such as quack- quack are exceptions and they are relatively few.The need for learningAnimal communicate with each other without learning. Their systems of communication are genetically inbuilt. This is quite opposite from the long learning process needed to acquire human language, which is culturally transmitted, and totally conditioned by the environment, and there is almost some lawsuit of innate predisposition towards language in anew born child. But this latent potentiality can be activated further by long exposure to language which require careful learning.Duality In animal communication vocal signals have a stock of sounds which depart according to species. cow, for example, has ten, a chicken has around twenty, and a fox all over thirty. Human language works rather differently. Each language has a stock of sound units or phonemes, the average add together is between 30 to 40.But each phoneme is normally meaningless in isolation. It become meaningful only when it is combined with other phonemes. That is, the sounds such as f, g, d, o mean zipper separately. The normally take on meaning only when they combined unneurotic in various ways, as in fog, dog, god. This organization of language into layers- a layer sounds which combine into a second layer of larger unit- is cognise as wave-particle duality or double articulation. communication system with duality is castably more flexible than one without it, because afar greater number of messages can be sent.DisplacementMost animals can communicate closely things in the immediate environme nt only. A bird declaims its danger outshout only when danger is present. It cannot give information more or less a endanger which is removed in magazine and place. Human languagecan communicate about things that are absent as easily as about things that are present. This apparently rare phenomenon, acknowledgen as displacement, does occasionally pop out in the animal world . but this ability is limited for animal communication. Human language can cope with any subject whatever, and it does not matter how far away the topic of conversation is in time and place.Creativity(Productivity)Most animal have very limited number of messages they can send or receive . This restriction is not found in human language which is creative or productive. Human can produce novel utterances wherever they want to. A person can utter a sentence which has never been said before, in most supposed(prenominal) circumstances, and still be understood.PatterningHuman language is not a at random heap of individual souvenirs .Humans do not juxtapose sounds and words in a random way. Instead, they ring the changes on a few defined patterns. In English, for example, the sounds a.b, s,t. have only four possible ways to come bats, tabs, stab,or bast, but not sbt, abts, stab because the rules subconsciously followed by people who know English do not allow these combinations for a new word.Similarly, consider the words, burglar, loudly, sneezed, the, only three combination are possible The burglar sneezed loudly. forte sneezed the burglarThe burglar loudly sneezed. (perhaps)English places firm restrictions on which item can occur together, and the order in which they come. Every item in language has its own characteristic place in the total pattern. Language can be regarded as an intricate network of interlinked elements in which each item is held in its place and given its identity by all the other items.