Participant Observation Social Desirability And Operational Definition Psychology Essay

player Observation Social sex appeal And Operational commentary Psychology Essay1- Short notes on player Observation, Social zing and operational Definitiona- Participant ObservationParticipant Observation is a humanistic as well as a scientific method that produces a kind of experiential acquaintance that resign a investigateer talk convincingly. This method of electron orbit reckon produces magnetic coreive and positive association and it involves getting actually close to people and making them feel easygoing with look into workers presence so that he laughingstock observe and record discipline ab forbidden their lives (Bernard, p. 2006, p. 342).Participant observer is basically carrying arrange on a rea numberic approach to conducting seek and it seems to be a commitment that attempts to adopt the perspectives of studies divided up in the day to day experiences. Participant watching has been described as an ongoing and intensive law-abiding, listening and sp eaking with some explanations (Ely, 1991, p. 42). M either detectives mathematical function musician observation as an umbrella term for all soft info gathering and info handling.Participant observation includes going out or staying out in search for qualitative info gathering, and then the observer whitethorn learn a new language in order to express the experiences about the lives of people that the queryer comes to hump. With this type of question approach, the tec is prompted to be immersing himself in a special culture and alike learning how he substructure get rid of the same ingress so that he get out be able to intellectualize what he has seen and heard. He will express them in writing, speaking to others and will try to coax others (Bernard, p. 2006, p. 344). Participant observation is at that placefore more likely to be a fieldwork, exclusively all fieldworks atomic number 18 in contrary not participant observation.Social DesirabilitySocial covetedness is a major computer address of response mold in conducting a re envision research. Some eons, participants in a survey research show kindly desirability bias as their answers reflect an attempt to enhance social desirable characteristics or attempt to minimize certain social undesirable characteristics. Social desirability has been delimit as a t ceaseency to give culturally apprizeonical and socially approved answers for a survey research to provide socially desirable responses to describe peerlessself in terms judged as desirable and to place one-self favorably (Craighead and Nemeroff, 2002, p. 1557).Social desirability affects the accuracy of selective information to be gathered. It is in general influenced by the way questions be prep atomic number 18d or asked. Many of survey research questions ar more likely to create chances of social desirability so that respondents answer questions in a pre- baffle answer impressats. Engel and Schutt (2005, p. 234) stressed that social desirability effects are more likely to occur when discussing issues that are of controversial in nature or when researcher expresses a view that is not popular or not widely accepted.When survey researcher or interviewer asks the participants with certain ready-made questions, especially when the questions suck highly desirable answers, respondents feel conflicts amidst a desire to conform to the definition of erect respondent behaviour and a desire to respond and appear to the interviewer to be in a socially desirable category. In surveys with pre-made multiple picking questions, social desirability is more likely to occur among the respondents.Operational DefinitionAn operational definition, in the context of selective information collection and research, is an obvious, brief, complete and studious description of a measure. Social scientist uses operational definition as a measure to explain various conceptual terms (Sprague, Stuart and Bodary, 2008, p. 205). As diverse types of selective information were gathered, operational definition is precise fundamental. The operational definition is a profound one in a situation at which the finish is to be taken about something regarding whether it is correct or not, or something having the bewilderment about its accuracy and usefulness.The data can be collected any time but it should be made clear that how to collect data and how it will be processed. Without processing the data, meanful information may not be preserveed. The ambiguity may arise while people think different opinions and it will negatively affect the data collection. Forming a exposit and consistent operational definition helps eliminate such ambiguity.If data are collected by comprising errors on it or about a reaping line, for instnace, it may lead to selecting a defective product and in all likelihood rejecting a good one. Similarly, when some leveling transactions or other handicraft invoices are inspected to see e rrors among them, the data collection may not be treated as meaningful unless the term error has not been made clear. Lewis (2010, p. 417) asserted that an operational definition is required in order to principal(prenominal)tain around same meaning and understanding of a problem mainly to get it solved. It is because, operational definition establishes a language that communicates same meaning to ein truthone conf utilise in solving the issue.2. Explain the scheme mental testing procedure, exploitation an example.Developing and testing of theory are critical go in most researches. Hypothesis testing is a statistical procedure that helps a researcher use hear data to retire inferences about the macrocosm according to researchers interest. As far primary election data collection is concerned, observing every individual in a population is practically unsurmountable or difficult to be conducted and therefore most researchers depend on pattern surveying and thus sample dat a are use to help answer specific research questions.Hypothesis testing has been defined as a process of deciding whether a unsatisfying guesswork is to be accepted or rejected in favor of an alternate speculation. In guess testing, there wont be any errors in decision making if the null guessing is rejected when it is false and in addition if it is accepted when it is unfeigned. Sample data being collected is the base for winning decision regarding whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis.The statistical hypothesis is an arrogance about an unknown population parameter and hypothesis starts from an assumption that is termed as hypothesis. A hypothesis cannot be accepted or rejected on the basis of intuitions or on the basis of general assumptions that researchers have while conducting the research.Process of Hypothesis TestingIn hypothesis testing, the researcher first assumes that the hypothesis is true. The researcher then collects data to test the hypothesis. est ablish on the data being collected, the researcher will calculate the self-confidence interval and probability for the hypothesis to become true. In this calculation and assessment, in the probability of hypothesis to be true is smaller than the pre-set level, the hypothesis will be rejected (Vaughan, 2001, p. 59).Though hypothesis testing can be different from situation from situation, or from assure to project, the general process involved in hypothesis testing remains almost same. Hypothesis test is thus a statistical method that uses simple data to valuate a hypothesis for perusing a population. Following are the logics and steps involved in hypothesis testingThe researcher first states a hypothesis about a population. In general research contexts, the hypothesis concern the population revalues in parameter.Before the researcher selects a sample, the hypothesis will be used to predict the characteristics and specifications that the sample must(prenominal) have. The sample also requires being similar to the population and the researcher should evermore expect certain amounts and levels of errors.Next, the researcher obtains a random sample from the population.Finally, the researcher admits a comparison and analysis between the sample data obtained and the data that were predicted for the hypothesis. If this comparison shows that the sample mean is consistent with prediction, it will be reason out that the hypothesis is reasonable. Similarly, if it shows that there is big discrepancy between the sample data and prediction, then the hypothesis will be reckoned to be wrong (Gravetter and Wallnau, 2008, p. 189). warning for hypothesis TestingFor instance, a researcher wants to find out knowledge and expertise of a universitys students in terms of their familiarity with university depository library and the amount of time they slip away in library. Various journalism programs have been arranged to make students more aware of the library use and other relevant matters that are important to them. Do this journalism programs affect the amount of time that students spend in library? This is the main issue to be found out with the research.A random sample survey has been conducted from around 40 students in the number of hours they spend in the library in a week. As previously thought, students were spending around 5 hours per week in the library, but it is required to test whether students spend more than that after the journalism programs. This hypothesis testing includes following stepsa) Formulating two competing hypothesis, namely null hypothesis and utility(a) hypothesis,b) Calculating the test statistics by using the latest sample data being collected.c) Determining the probability that the null hypothesis is true establish on the test statisticsd) Comparing the pre-set value or pre-determined value with probability value (Vaughan, 2001, p. 59- 62).Briefly explain the following (i.e., what it is what its used for, and so fort h). cipher hypothesisThere are various types of tests in statistics. In research and hypothesis testing in particular, null hypothesis plays very significant role. Hypothesis is arguments that researchers, or decision makers or analysts believe to be true. This statement will be verified by using statistical tests. Practically, hypothesis is employed in pairs. Out of the two hypotheses, the first one is ordinarily stated in negative forms, for instance, stating as something is not true, or the versatile quantity is not related etc. this negative form is termed as null hypothesis and the other is option hypothesis. Null hypothesis is represented by the symbol H0 and alternative hypothesis H1 or H2 (Downing and Clark, 2010, p. 66)The tested statement in statistics is called the null hypothesis because it is often in the form like there is no relationship between a uncertain and b inconstant, or both x and y are not related etc. Before testing the measure, the researcher or math ematical statistician may draw only two probabilities, X = y and X y. When a statistician observes a result likely to be so, then that assumption is called alternative hypothesis, and the opposite assumption is called null hypothesis (Howell, 2007, p. 152).For instance, an investigation is required to know the average ability of students in a class (X standard) in the co-scho chokeic area. They take for granted that it will be above 50. Then the x 50 is an alternative hypothesis and x 50 is null hypothesis. The test revealed that the average ability is 70,H0 m 50 H1 m 50. 20 is therefore population standard excursusReplicabilityA research which has replicability is often considered to be more accurate. When a researcher adopts almost the same procedures with similar settings and systems of research and surveying used by another(prenominal) researcher and this helps him obtain similar findings, the research can be said to be replicable. To be replicable is also considered to be a n important doctrine of an effective scientific research as well (Holloway, 1997, p. 137).Langbein and Felbinger (2006, p. 33) noted, replicability of a research helps the researcher make empirical claims more defensible and clearly objective. If the research lacks replicability, the conclusion and claim would be considered to be personal opinion and causative observation. Replicability of a research thus makes conclusions more traceable. Qualitative research may not as replicable as quantitative mainly because the relationship between the researcher and the participant in the research seems to be unique and cannot be replicated.Moderator variableNormally, there are two main variables in a research they are in pendant and dependent variables. But, some time, there can be a moderate variable, which is a special type of variable that the investigator has chosen to determine how the relationship between independent and dependent variables is affected (Brown, 1998, p. 11). In simple t erms, moderate variable is a trinity variable that affects the relationship between independent and dependent variables.As moderator variable affects the relationship between the independent and dependent variables in a research, it takes form of or plays roles of expressions like specification, contingency, conditional and qualification etc. For example, Mr Joseph decides to knowledge Chinese and the issue to be considered is his study of Chinese for one year and his expertise or improvement in that language may vary for antheral and fe young-begetting(prenominal)s. In this example, Josephs study of Chinese is independent variable, his proficiency in Chinese is dependent variable and there is one point to be debated, which is whether the proficiency will vary from male to females. Proficiency variation between male and female is arguably moderator variable.Cross- sectional studyA skip over sectional study is part of sampling or surveying involving observations of a sample of a population or phenomenon that are made at one point in a time. Both exploratory and descriptive research methodologies are often considered to be cross sectional study (Babbie, 2008, p. 111). In a cross sectional study, the researcher or the investigator would make all of his measurements and analysis on a single occasion or within relatively a short period of time.The researcher who makes cross sectional study draws from the population and searches variables distributions within the sample, often by designating and predicting the outcomes of variables based on information from other sources. Cross sectional study is very much suited to describing variables and their relative distributions patterns. This type of study never takes into account the temporal relationship between the factors that are already explored and this usually includes an valuation of a cross section of a particular population in a accustomed period of time (Rao and Richard, 2006, p. 205).4. Compare and contra st apiece of the following, giving examples primal and vicarious DataSources of data are basically two, either primary or secondary. Primary data comprise of those data that a researcher collects coverly from a specific population by dint of ways of sampling, survey or any other technique of data gathering. Primary data are raw data and are not already used or published in books, journals, newspaper or any other sources. When primary data are published finished media and made available to the public, and later they are used by others for their purpose, the data becomes secondary and the source becomes secondary source of data.Primary sources of data are those where the researcher describes his or her own work and the process that has been employed to come to conclusion. Secondary sources are usually books, articles, journals, statistics published in them, and other publications that are written by people with only a passing or second hand knowledge of a specific subject (Guffey and Loewy, 2009, p. 259). Primary data includes information that are developed or gathered by the researcher specifically for a particular research at hand. Secondary data refers to those data that are previously been gathered by person other than the researcher for some purpose other than the research project at hand. Primary data is raw-data where as secondary data are previously used by others and may not be very appropriate for the purpose of second users.A survey conducted by topical anesthetic government to know exact numbers of farmers and industrialist in its region gives primary data, but when this data is used by a newspaper for studying the same regions financial strength, it becomes secondary data.Field study versus Comparative studyA field study in research methodology refers to a method of data gathering based on direct observation from the population. For instance, a business organization may conduct a field study about its customers, their preferences, their speci fic requirements and their responses etc. in conducting field study, the researcher or the investigator instanter observes users or the population they target, most probably taking notes on certain activities that their targeted people do indulge with, copy their activities clearly, and noting down the answers they give for specific questions.Comparative study is typically a qualitative analysis tool that attempts to figure out a specific issue or find out answers to specific issues by equivalence two known variables or already studied areas of a given topic. An unknown fact may be explored by comparing its dimensions with an already known fact. For example, 50 Biology students in a university who are very fond of reading of library books were found to have scored more than 65 percent of label. The relation between scoring marks and reading library books in known. In analyzing what factors led many students score high marks in business studies, the reading and high soring in biol ogy can be compared.Bibliography and ReferencesMost researches, mainly literature review part, depend on literatures of published book or journals. The researcher may give direct quoting or parenthesizing in between texts and the elaborate of these sources are required, according to almost all referencing formats like APA, MLA, Harvard etc, to show in detail at the end of the research paper on a separate title called references. References thus refers to those sources that are mentioned in text in a research, may be with or without the year of publishing or page numbers, but with last name of the author. Any specific idea that a researcher depends from a previous study and uses to develop his research must give its details in references. References thus indicate sources of specific ideas he parenthesized or quoted from another work.But, bibliography refers to the lists of books or journals or any other type of literature work that a researcher has read and used for his work, but no t directly quoted an idea from them or not parenthesized from those sources. Researchers normally read several books and journals and they list them in bibliography to give readers an insight to further reading.Criterion and Predictor covariantIn research methodology, criterion or criterion variable is the variable that measures the construct of interest to the researcher. Criterion variable is an outcome variable that can be predicted from one or more predictor variables, and it is often the main concentration in the study as it is the outcome variable mentioned in the research problem (Hatcher, 2003, p. 30). The predictor variable, in contrast, is a variable that is used to predict values on the criterion and it has a causal effect on criterion (Hatcher, 2003, p. 30).

Indian Retail market

Indian Retail commercializeThe Indian Retail market place is growing with a rapid pace.India is the most eye-catching retail market today with abundance of opportunities. We can notice that global market discombobulate acquisitively eyed Indias retail market everyplace a long period, so it arrive as no shocking news, when label Spencer took another dole out in April 2008 with Indias multinational troupe i.e. Reliance Industries Limited. The United Kingdom victuals and clothing chain Giant Marks Spencer teamed up with Indias multinational company Reliance Industries in broadcasting the news to open 50 stores over the next quint historic period durations. The motivation behind this was clear that India has the blink of an eye largest inhabitants in the world, where as more than half of it inhabitants is beneath 25 years old, while its economy has expanded at over 8.5% annually since 2003 meat there is a rapidly escalating middle class with money to spend(Anon, 2008). init ially Marks Spencer had tied up with the Planet Retail but uneasy with the pace of expansion with Planet Retail. Stores were too small and price of the reaping were expensive, but Planet Retail go away remain franchisee of Marks Spencer (Anon, 2008). At present Marks and Spencer, has 14 franchised stores running in India, which apply to the abroad Investment Promotion Board (FIPB), the government agency that approves investments in the state from abroad, to own a 51% stake in the sound out embark, Marks and Spencer Reliance Pvt. Ltd (Roy, 2008).Commerce and Industry Minister Kamal Nath recently observed that prodigality is not a product but an emotion and it has both aspirers and admirers. India will engage the world. In the last three months alone, over $400 one thousand thousand investment has been made in India. This shows that the world is bullish about India and its consumers, he said. Currently, 100 per cent foreign direct investment is allowed in sell trade, but onl y 51 per cent in single nock outlets (Menon, 2008).Since Marks Spencer owns 51% and rest of the share i.e.49% are owned by Reliance Industries Limited. Both the conglomerate companies will invest 29million in the joint venture. According to Sir Stuart Rose Marks Spencers chief executive, Strategy is to achieve 15%-20% of Marks Spences sales from its international business within the next five years. Knocking the door of one of the fastest growing consumer market in the world. The nation is expecting that middle class generation will increase by 350 million by 2015(Hall, 2008). The new stores will be called as broadloom malls gigantic shops within shops and separate boutiques mainly selling home wipe out and clothes in Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and other major metropolitan hubs (Anon, 2008). Through speciality of technology, logistics and property reliance has become the leading player in retail market.Joint venture not only enhances both the parties but in like manner the con sumers. The sobers and services will be available in economical rates, ascribable to this purchasing power of individual will increases. Size of stores will be spread around in 20,000 sq ft, as size is big employees fatality will be more in order to provide fibre services to consumers. Customer can collect their favourite brand by shopping less than one roof. Branded household and garments will be available for consumer at cheaper rate.Thus joint venture between deuce the multinational companies will not only enhances profit margin of their venture but also economy and satisfying the people through providing good quality services as well as creating employment opportunities.

Franz Joseph Haydn

Franz Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph Haydn was born a savage in the village of Rohrau, Austria on March 31, 1732. His father, a wagon churchman by trade, was melodiously inclined. He often played the harp man his wife, Haydns mother, sang along. The second child of twelve in a crosspatch home left Haydn little chance of attending school, however materialization Franzs earlyish showings of musical ability caused his cousin to take notice and store his education to be given at St. Stephens (Franz Joseph Haydn Biography, NAXOS). At age cardinal he was given a choirboy position in a Viennese cathedral. From a very early age Haydn was moving up in the world based on his own merit. Social mobility in his mean solar day and age was relatively unheard of, but from the very beginning Franz Joseph Haydn was proving to be exceptional. For several social classs Haydn remained a choirboy with the cathedral, until unmatched day he establish himself out on the streets with little more(prenominal) than the clothes on his back. puberty had altered the boyish timbre in his voice and he was disincline to remain in the boys choir. Soon, however, Haydn found work as an accompanist to Niccolo Porpora, an Italian composer. Niccolo taught Haydn Italian, voice, and schooled him in musical composition (Franz Joseph Haydn Biography). Haydn and Porpora really began to find success as aristocrats and royalty began to hire them for entertainment at all types of events. Haydn began to find more than just status, he began to generate significant revenue (Halley Tsai). Soon Haydn go on apart from Porpora and was briefly hired by Baron Karl Josef von Furnberg. It was infra this patronage that he composed his earliest string quartets. At 28 Haydn found a more substantial position when he was hired as music director by Count Ferdinand Maximilian von Morzin (Basic Repertoire angle F.J. Haydn). One of the biggest turning points in Haydns life came in 1761 when Prince Pal antl Esterhzy hired him as assistant music director. The following year he was promoted to head director, or Kapellmeister. Haydn served as Kapellmeister under three princes in this household, finding himself with overwhelmingly demanding duties and responsibilities. The second prince, Prince Mikls Jozsef Esterhzy, was the biggest musical advocate of the three. He spent a fortune building up a musical establishment second to none in his day. Haydn found himself in a very publically demanding position. Haydn worked to not only compose music, but in addition to teach his music as salutary as others pieces. He was in turn responsible for performing music, maintaining the library of music, keeping up the mover collection, coaching singers, and perform the duties of an administrative figure when it came to issues and disputes among musicians and entertainers (Basic Repertoire lean F.J. Haydn). During the time of Haydns patronage by the princes he composed roughly 83 full tre atment. any(prenominal) an(prenominal) of these kit and boodle were string quartets. Haydn wrote many of these quartets in sets that shared common themes and elements. whatsoever of these sets are as follows The Sun Quartets (1772), The Russian Quartets (1781), The Prussian Quartets (1787), and many, many more. umpteen of these later quartets were written to feature his third prince and patron Prince Nikolaus Esterhzy. Nikolaus played a bowed instrument called the baryton. This instrument was similarly able to be plucked, and was looked at rather critically by later scholars and critics. In addition to the quartets, Haydn also composed a significant amount of pieces for two violins and a violoncello as well as some 126 baryton trios (Franz Joseph Haydn Biography, NAXOS). Haydn did not always sleep with the seclusion that came with working for the princes of Esterhza, but he did enjoy the rummy favour of being allowed to market his compositions to publishers and receive co mmission. Many composers being patronized during the eighteenth century did not have this luxury (Basic Repertoire List F.J. Haydn). During the early to mid 1790s Haydn joined forces with an enterprising, offspring English violinist, Johann Peter Salomon. It was alongside Salomon, in London, that Haydn composed some of his works considered masterpieces. Several of which are commonly cognise as The London Symphonies. (Basic Repertoire List F.J. Haydn). His use of crescendo, accents, abrupt high-power changes, modulation, and other such innovative technique set the precedent for many following composers (Forney, Kristine). While working for the princes Haydn published a total of one hundred twenty-five trios and 19 operas (Basic Repertoire List F.J. Haydn). The most famous of Haydns symphonies, Symphony nary(prenominal) 94, is often referred to as the Surprise Symphony. It became apparent to Haydn that members in the audience were dropping asleep mid-performance. As a remedy f or this problem, he composed this harmony utilizing a forceful brass section composed of French horns and trumpets along with tympani percussion. Haydn wrote the beginning to be mild and peaceful. Dynamically the accounting entry was relatively piano. And then, seemingly without warning, Haydn wrote in an orchestral hit that brought the dynamic take aim abruptly to forte in an attempt to jar sleeping listeners to wake. such(prenominal) dynamic change was later reflected in Beethovens works (Forney, Kristine). Although Haydn had passed the age of cardinal his output of music showed no signs of slowing. After his work in London, Haydn returned to Austria and began to import oratorio. The Creation and The Seasons were two famous works that portrayed scenes of nature. An avid hunting watch and nature lover, Haydn often incorporated themes of nature into his music (Franz Joseph Haydn biography, Essortment Articles). Haydn was notably one of the most productive writers of all time, putting out an immense add or musical works throughout his life. Haydn wrote career number 107 symphonies, 68 string quartets, 62 piano sonatas, 43 piano trios as well as the 125 trios written during his work with the princes, and 19 operas(Basic Repertoire List F.J. Haydn).This level of proficiency in that day was rivaled only by the young composer Mozart, who was actually a good friend of Haydn. Haydn stumbled across Mozart while observing a lesson of Mozarts with another student. Haydn was stunned by the musical genius and speedily befriended him. The two began to become involved in each others music theme and even suggested ideas on occasion that would better each others writing. Haydn even admitted his younger companions superiority in writing opera (Franz Joseph Haydn Biography, NAXOS).Haydn and Mozart remained friends until parted by the conclusion of Mozart. At age 77, Haydn followed his friend in death on whitethorn 31, 1809. It was Mozarts last composition A Requiem that was performed at Haydns own funeral (Halley Tsai). Haydns works are not as often performed today as some of his later contemporaries, because they are not complex in nature however, the originality of his works are without question. Haydn paved the way in style and technique for his upcoming composers. Haydn not only influenced the minds of the composers but also was an instructor to the musicians and performers, both implemental and vocal, that would play the music. Haydn is often remembered as a self-made man, a on-key example of rags to riches. He is remembered as an innovator and an instructor totally unique and original in all areas of his life and work.BibliographyForney, Kristine. The Enjoyment of Music An mental institution to Perceptive Listening. Boston W. W. Norton Company, 2007. PrintFranz Joseph Haydn. Academic Talent Development Program. Halley Tsai, 1999. Web. 30 Sep. 2009. .Franz Joseph Haydn Biography. Listen to Classical Music by Franz Joseph Haydn. Class ical Music stream Classical Music. NAXOS, 2009. Web. 30 Sep. 2009.Basic Repertoire List F.J. Haydn. Classical Net. 2009. Web. 30 Sep. 2009. .Franz Joseph Haydn biography. Essortment Articles Free Online Articles on Health, Science, Education More.. Elaine Schneider, 2002. Web. 30 Sep. 2009.

A Justification Of The Caste System Bhagavad Gita Religion Essay

A Justification Of The coterie System Bhagavad Gita Religion EssayPeople in Hindu smart place atomic number 18 born into different classs with different qualities and their province of fulfilling their dharma, which means frightened duties, is inevitable. A course In the Bhagavad Gita reveals that mankind is created into four classes I created mamkind in four classes, / different in their qualities and accomplishs (The Bhagavad Gita 53). This indicates that born rank be not changeable, since they are set when individuals are created. The text editionbook then describes that each circle has its specific dharma and emphasize the re moroseed dharma on the estimation that dharma is fixed by birth, as the text continues The actions of priests, warriors, /comm wizardrs, and servants/ are appointed by the qualities/ born of their infixed being (The Bhagavad Gita 141). Such restricted social prognosiss are reflected in the order transcription in Hindu beau monde. Furthermo re, we mint nail this restricted expectation when the master key Krishna convinces Arjuna to get along his commerce as a warrior Look to your have got duty / do not tremble before it / nothing is demote for a warrior/ than a battle of sacred duty (The Bhagavad Gita 36). The lord Krishna wants Arjuna to behave his duties even if doing so is against his entrust. We poop see that personal aims and emotions are smothered when one performs dharma against ones will, and no matter what one is forced to perform circle duties. This strictness of coterie duty is express clearly in the text No one exists for even an instant / without performing action / all the akin unwilling, every being is forced / to act by the qualities of nature (The Bhagavad Gita 43). This describes the bareness of the rank system and that grade duties are the highest priority in ones actions. By creating such strict order, the Bhagavad Gita honours the hierarchy social organization of the caste sys tem.In addition, the Bhagavad Gita uses cultism to further en true that people follow their caste duties, by stating that misery to act accordingly to ones duties is considered sinful and will create disorder in family and high society. Such composition is stated in the text When the family is ruined, / the timeless laws of family duty / perish and when duty is lost, / chaos overwhelms the family (The Bhagavad Gita 29). This creates a fear that is one does not follow than one will bring chaos to the family. More ove the text continues to describe the consequences of misbehavior. The text statesThe sins of work force who slander/ the family create disorder in society/ that undermines the constant laws/ of caste and family duty (The Bhagavad Gita 29). The text attach the volume sin in order to attach the quilt to the wrong doings. This passage alikesets the definition of best and bad by warning not to violate the law of caste and by setting such definition the society is furth er restricted to confined social classes. Furthermore, since individual disobedience buns bring disorder to the society as a whole, social force per unit area will be stressed on the individual who refuses the follow. This brings mutual responsibility in such a substance that everyone needs to make sure everyone else follow the rule, so that the society as a whole can avoid disaster. The Bhagavad Gita creates great psychological pressure that concretes the caste system.According to the Bhagavad Gita, the archetype way to perform caste duties is by detachment Always perform with detachment / any action you must do performing action with detachment, / one achieves supreme good ( The Bhagavad Gita 45). By detaching from ones emotion, it is easier to endure the suffering of performing caste duties especially in the lay caste since their duties are the nearly miserable. We see this topic of detachment when the lord Krishna tells Aryuna to fight and not be influence by his avouch e motions. Moreover, this idea of detachment creates an indifference to the good and bad, poor and wealth. According to the text, when one views things with detachment, one will not see the materialistic in compare between them. We see this state of detachment in the passages Self-reliant, impartial to suffering / and joy, to clay, stone, or gold, / the resolute man is the same / to foe and friend, to blame and praise ( The Bhagavad Gita 24). This reduces the anger of the lower caste people who are not satisfied with the caste system. Therefore, this detachment promoted in the Bhagavad Gita strengthens the caste system by making each castes focus on their caste dutiesThe idea of enoughity in all animateness beings is briefly discussed in the Bhagavad Gita, yet one should not take it as indication of that social correspondity is promoted in Hindu society, since it does not reflects in the structure of Hindu society but single in a spiritual way. One whitethorn interprets certain passages in the Bhagavad Gita to argue against the caste system. For instance, the lord Krishna says to Arjuna Learned men see with an equal eye / a scholarly and dignified priest, / a cow, an elephant, a dog/ and even an outcaste scavenger (The Bhagavad Gita 61). The word equal eye mentioned in this quote describes one of the key ideas in the Bhagavad Gita that every individual are originally in the brahmin caste and has the same spiritual quality. However, this spiritual equality does not reflects in the societal structure and it even reinforces the caste system by reducing the ponderousness of the caste system because it makes the people in the lower caste feel that they are equal with the people in the high(prenominal) caste. This spiritual equality comes from the idea that every living thing is created from the Lord Braham. This oneness of all living beings is also mentioned in one of the passage Arming himself with discipline, / seeing everything with equal eye, / he sees th e self in all creatures/ and all creatue / see in the self (The Bhagavad Gita 69). Therefore, even the Bhagavad Gita mentions equality in some way, it plainly serves as a reinforcement of the caste system.In addition, another reinforcement of the caste system mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita is that by focusing on ones scared duties every individual can achieve the ultimate goal which is escaping from the cycle of rebirth. The state of being free from the cycle of death and rebirth is called moksha and can only be resonateed through fulfilling ones own caste duties (Bentley and Ziegler 184). This idea is conveyed when the Lord Krishna tells Arjuna to do what he must do in order to attain the everlasting peace. Moreover, the idea of devoting ones self to caste duties to attain moksha not only further defines the differentiation of each caste but also console the suffering of the lower caste by telling them that they will be able to achieve the final goal if they devote to their own caste Each one achieves success / by focusing on his own action / hear how one finds success / by focusing on his own action (The Bhagavad Gita 142). Furthermore, this quotes mentions own actions which indicates the specific duties in each castes and that every castes has different trails toward attaining moksha. Such indication promotes greater separations of the classes in society.The idea of rebirth in the Bhagavad Gita provides a promise for the people in lower caste that if they devote them self to their caste and endure sufferings from their lower social status, they will be able to attain a better next life. This idea of conversion rewards people who follow the caste and punish people who do not. According to the text, a person will continues to suffer until he is reborn to a higher casteFallen in discipline, he reaches / worlds do by his virtue, wherin he dwells / for endless years, until he is reborn / in a house of upright and noble men (The Bhagavad Gita 41). However the only way to be reborn into a higher caste is to accept the sufferings in the current life and devote to ones caste duties. As the text continues, it states that one needs to be purified his sins with effort and it is not a simple chore The man of discipline, striving / with effort, purified of his sins, / perfected through many births, / finds a higher way (The Bhagavad Gita 45). Therefore, this idea of reincarnation not only gives the people in the lower caste a purpose to endure their sufferings but also provides them psychological supports that comfort their inferiority in Hindu society. with this, we can see how the Bhagavad Gita reinforces the caste system by providing spiritual supports that reduce the oppressiveness in the caste system.All the emphasis on duty, moksha , caste separation, and reincarnation in the Bhagavad Gita show the intension to justify the Hierarchically ordered caste system in Hindu society. Bhagavad Gita creates strict order that solidifies the cas te rules, and set out a final goal, moksha to unite the castes but separates each castes path toward moksha to further differentiate each caste. While the Bhagavad Gita does mention equality, it does not throw in the materialistic sense. However, the equality is applied in a higher sense that does not contradict the caste system but reinforce it instead. The Bhagavad Gita with no doubt plays a key role in the Hindu society, since it is so closely related to their social structure and caste life. Through those previous discussions, we are able to see that the Bhagavad Gita not only creates strict rules and fears that endure the obedience within the system, but also uses religious goal and philosophy of detachment to further brain wash the people in the Hindu society. It is clear that the ideas and philosophies presented in the Bhagavad Gita reinforces the caste system and justifies the inequality in the hierarchical social structure of the Hindu society.

Sharing Pirated MP3’s :: File Sharing Essays

Sharing Pirated MP3s The sharing of MP3 practice of medicine and its legality is a major issue in our legal system at this measure. It has been a battle in the courts for several years now. It all began with the legendary drop of the original bad boy of sharing, Napster. Despite the legal actions of the music industry, the stick sharing community continues to thrive. Millions of users still log on to a smattering of programs and illegally trade MP3s and other computer programs. College students are surmise to be one of the major culprits of People to People file sharing. A pursue was conducted in order to obtain an understanding of why students of pack Madison University would use People to People sharing programs. More importantly, it was to throw out insight into the honorable outlook of students in concern to the sharing of MP3 music files. The survey attempts to determine why, in light of the ethical issue and viable legal repercussions, do JMU students still trade illegally pirated music? The survey was composed of ten multiple choice questions and administered to twenty random students. The students were taken from various areas around the campus in order to obtain a great variety of responses. It sought to have respondents who were of various age, race, and sex. The surveys were handed out in a classroom, a dining hall, and an events committee meeting for the University Programming Board. Students remained anonymous to the administer and their confidentiality was assured. Most of the students filled out the survey with relative informality and only had to debate on a couple of the questions. Several students were diverseness enough to give a few extra minutes of their time for various follow up questions. I began to ask students which questions gave them the most trouble. many an(prenominal) felt the last question, asking if downloading MP3s for free is ethical, was the most vista provoking question. Nineteen of the twenty students surveyed downloaded MP3s. Fourteen said they felt it was wrong to download the MP3s, yet most of them continue to download. The question seemed to stimulate an ethical debate inside the respondents of which they had trouble answering. A vast majority of the students just now do not care about pushing ethics aside and continue to download pirated music.

The Confused Males of Montesquieu’s Persian Letters, Voltaire’s Candide

The Confused Males of Montesquieus Persian Letters, Voltaires Candide, blue-bellys Gullivers Travels, Sternes Tristram Shandy, and Rousseaus First and Second Discourses flat my father was then holding one of his second beds of justice, and was musing deep down himself about the hardships of matrimony, as my mother broke silence. My brother Toby, quoth she, is going to be married to Mrs. Wadman. Then he will never, quoth my father, be able to hypocrisy diagonally in his bed again as long as he lives. (Laurence Sterne, Tristram Shandy) The eighteenth century, what a magnificent timea modern critic is likely to exclaim, and indeed it was. The century of Diderot, Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Kant, Swift, Sterne, and others, whose names still harbor pound the sensitive hearts of many students of history, philosophy, and literature. The Age of Enlightenment, when every reflexion of mans lifemorals and vices natural and conventional laws issues of political sympathies an d religion, of marriage and child rearing, of politics and economy, of the sciences and the artswas scrutinized under the critical centre of attention of thinkers and often discarded without pity. A time of blossoming critical and literary thought, a time of great intellectual challenges, trials, and successesin a word, a splendid, magnificent, glorious time. And what books were written, what literary marvels were produced Montesquieus Persian Letters, Voltaires Candide, Swifts Gullivers Travels, Sternes Tristram Shandy, Rousseaus First and Second Discourses . . . Innovative and daring, they questioned a traditional, God-blessed and Church-sponsored view of mans life, providing armies of scholars with an enormous literary and philosophical heri... ...al pursuits with to a greater extent earthly matters. To the modern reader, unfortunately, they may appear too enlightened. Notes 1If my reader wonders wherefore I am taking so great an interest in this matter, I would like to point out that his or her (especially her) speculations are all in all erroneous and irrelevant to the subject. 2Note that Uzbek is a Persian, and Candide is a German. Apparently when French writers give rise a hero with limited sexual prowess, they dont allot him a French origin, probably preserving the myth of French sexual vigor. works Cited Montesquieu, de Baron de La Brde, Charles de Secondat. Persian Letters. reinvigorated York Penguin, 1973. Sterne, Laurence. Tristram Shandy. New York Norton, 1980. Swift, Jonathan. Gullivers Travels. New York Da Capo Press, 1988. Voltaire Francois Marie Arouet. Candide. New York Bantam, 1959.

Penguin Books: Introduction To Modern Business :: essays research papers fc

Penguin Books Introduction to recent Business     The aim of this essay is to comment on how, over the close six old agePenguin Books Limited has grown and managed external and internal revisions.      threescore one years ago, Allen Lane, the managing director of the BodleyHead, a British publishing company, revolutionised information with the introductionof the low ten Penguin paperbackeds. Today, over 600 million paperbacks atomic number 18 sellyearly. At a time when there was still little of entertainment, paperback booksbrought reading to the masses. Nowadays, paperback books bring reading to theworld.     During the exist six years (1990-1996) Penguin Books Limited was facedwith many "environmentalist pressures," with a continuous neuter inside thecompany, and competitors trying to imitate its successful innovations on bothsides of the Atlantic.     The major(ip) achievement in 19 90 was the introduction of a new computer transcription into several parts of the high society. The Credit Control department was thefirst landing field and Stock Management, Invoicing Systems, Warehousing, Distributionand Sales Services followed. Now the whole of the Companys systems areincorporated and networked.     During this period a new lists including the Twentieth Century Classics serial complementing the Penguin Classics, Arkana, the New Age list and Fantail,the mass-market childrens list were introduced.     Internal change that took aim during that year was the closing down ofthe Penguin Bookshops (that expanded to include 12 shops during the last decade),leaving just one, the specialist Beatrix Potter "House of the Tailer ofGloucester", within the Group. This change took place due to the fact that theCompany was conscious that it had to concentrate on the publishing rather thanon the retail.     This decision brought a successful accomplishment of a management buy-out ofthe shops. This action also compensated the loss that the Company faced inaugust 1991, when Pearson (an international enterprise quoted on the capital of the United KingdomStock Exchange with major media interests including many well-known names awayfrom Penguin, such as Longman, Pitman, Addison Wesley, the Financial Times,Westminster Press, Mindscape, Thames TV and Madame Tussauds) announced pre-tax earns of Pounds 40.7m for the first half of 1991- a drop of 58 per cent on the kindred period of 1990. In this period books fell from a trading profit of Pounds2.1m to a loss of Pounds 13.4m with Penguin losing Pounds 8m.     In the following two years no major changes have been recorded. Although,1993 was gener in ally a successful year for all Penguin group companies. Penguin UKhad produced a strong programme including some major outperform sellers and agreed toa joint venture with the BBC f or mass market paperbacks and involve deals with two

Castro and Caesar :: History

Castro and CaesarI am going to compare devil great leading. One from this century, and one from the reign of Caesar. It is interesting to see how done out history that all the great dictators thought alike. Though they great power differ in details all of them basically followed the same pattern. And I think that is the case with Caesar and Fidel. One of the main similarities between Caesar and Fidel is their early life. both leaders came from middle class families. Each leader had to work his course up the ladder. Caesar made the first step in 80 B.C. when he showed conspicuous bravery at the siege of Mytilene. Fidels first step was when he led an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada army barraks which gained him national attention. some(prenominal) men continued to reach the top of the ladder. To become the sole leaders of their countrys both men had to get rid of the gray leaders. Both men had to drive leaders out of office. Fidel led a revolt against Falgecio Batista, who w hen lost the support of the U.S. backed away and let Fidel in. Caesar had problems to, he had to defeat the famous Pompey. Caesar chased him into Egypt and then had to fight Pompey and Cleopatra. Both Fidel and Caesar where geniuses. non only where they great military leaders, they were great politicians. Both used propaganda to protagonist become dictators. They used something to blame everything on. Fidel used the U.S. for everyone to hate. And Caesar used slavery to outgrowth in popularity. Though both leaders had to overtake a dictator but they did it in different ways. Fidel used only violence and threats to get to Batista leave. Caesar on the other hand had to defeat Pompey, and then get voted in by the mountain. He did this by gaining popularity by attacking other countries and defeating them. some other big difference was the countrys they overtook. Fidel took over Cuba which is a pitiable country. Being a poor country, and being under terrible times, the Cuban people were influenced easily. Caesar took over the Roman Empire which was massively rich and powerful. The people turned to Caesar quickly though when they saw how powerful he was. What I believe is the biggest difference is how hanker they stayed popular. Caesar was very popular for a long time.

Social Issues Essay -- essays research papers

The republican society consist of the works break up, it determines how a good deal money they gain or how much tax they leave be paying for the year. So theyd wanted o chose a campaigner that will benefit them. He pop society also seemed handle it wanted to be heard in this years election. They worn-out(a) million of dollars on making ads, posters, and billboards that would interest the average middle class citizen to go out and vote. The democratic society also was aware that the republicans were departure to meet this election head on because a democratic had served deuce terms in office, and they are very anxious to change that. other implication that the elections give birth in a democratic society is that it do people pay more attention to what each candidate was saying. The democratic candidate didnt nessariarly have to be voted for, that is if he wasnt bright what we was looking for. But majority of the snip it doesnt happen that way, and the democratic society votes in a fellow democratic into office.The final significance about a democratic society in elections is that the majority of the democratic society is in the middle class. They want someone that will mystify their lives better. After getting a pay raise, or better working conditions, from a democratic present the last eight old age, it would be shut to impossible to not support a fellow democratic if he is running for office.However, the Democratic Party has not always been as soaked as it is today. In the 1950s and the early 1960s, the Democrats far outnumbered Republicans and despite their displace turnout, were successful at both the state and national levels. (150) Democrats have won one in five presidential elections since 1964, and in 1980, for the first time in twenty-four years. Although proportion of strong Democrats has dropped sharply, and voting defection from company devotion has increased at all levels. (150) Democratic candidates can no longer count on almost automatic majorities among urban workers, fair southerners, union members, and members of certain ethnic and religious groups. This wearing away of traditional voting support cannot easily be explained by some flitting event or prominent personality. (151) Conflict over race inside the Democratic Party is not a new phenomenon. ... ...gations too, along with the ail and embarrassment of losing the election and the victory of winning the election. The presidential candidate that I had planned on and voted for is in deed Vice-president Al Gore. I equate with what he represents, and from what he is campaigning, it seems as if he will help me with pecuniary aid to attend school. And I also believe that he will keep minimum wage at a reasonable rate, because with these things thing, manners as I know it would be the same. The issues that he addresses throughout the unit of measurement election are issue that I am very concerned in. But the main reason why I believe that Vice- professorship Al Gore would make is an excellent chose for President of the United States of America because he has been in office with President Clinton for the last eight years, and I have seem nothing but progress for the United States of America. By President Clintons side, he has help make the country a petite better for every race, culture and different income class. That is the type of work that I want to continue in the United States now and four years from now.

History of Climate Records and Climate Change in Mexico City Essay exam

History of mode Records and Climate Change in Mexico City Mexico City lies in the Basin of Mexico, and has been unrivaled of the most densely-populated areas of the world for thousands of years1. Consequently, it serves as a prime area for geographic expedition of human impacts on mood and climate change. Mountains surround the Basin of Mexico on three sides when the Spanish conquered the basin in 1519, it contained five lakes that connected during multiplication of abundant precipitation. The lakes were drained as modern Mexico City expanded and like a shot the majority of the basin is covered with human structures and concrete roads (Kasperson et al, 1995). With latitude 19 degrees and an elevation of 2250m, Mexico City has a temperate climate year-round. summertime brings intense convective rains caused by the unstable air and moist conditions of the prevailing concern winds (Juaregei, 1997). An abundance of historical data has the power to tell us whether the cl imate has always been this way, or if mans overbearing presence in the Basin of Mexico has had real effects on the areas climate. character www.holyartworks.com Lake Texcoco, the site of modern Mexico City, during the time of Aztec rule (around 1500) Although the area that Mexico City straight off occupies has was settled by man over 6,000 years ago, regular reports of temperature and rain were not collected until 1826. The Mexico City newspaper, El Sol, was the publication that first do regular bear reports available (OHara and Metcalfe, 1995). More widespread collection of weather data was taken beginning in the 1870s through the newly-establish meteoric Observatory, which introduced meteorological stations throughout the country, but civil unrest later on on... ...ents. Eds. Jeanne X. Kasperson, Rogr E. Kasperson, and B.L. Truner II. New York United Nations University Press, 1995. Juaregei, Ernesto. Climate Changes in Mexico During the Historical and Instrumented Periods. Quarternary International. Vol. 43/44. (1997) 7-17. Juaregei, Ernesto. awaken Island Development in Mexico City. Atmospheric Environment. Vol. 31, No.22. (1997) 3821-3831. Metcalfe, Sarah E. Histoical Data and Climatic Change in Mexico A Review. The Geographical Journal. Vol. 153, No. 2. (1987) 211-222. OHara, Sarah L., and Sarah E. Metcalfe. The Climate of Mexico Since the Aztec Period. Quarternary International. Vol. 43/44. (1997) 25-31. OHara, Sarah L., and Sarah E. Metcalfe. Reconstructing the Climate of Mexico from Historical Records. The Holocene. Vol. 5, No. 4. (1995) 485-490.

Female Poets and the Dark Side of Life Essay -- Rossetti Poetry Poems

Female Poets and the Dark Side of Life During the mid-nineteenth vitamin C many female poets includingChristina Rossetti seemed to lean upon the dark side of lifepresenting rattling dark and shadowed emotions within their poetry. Yetthis is not to say that they were dispirit but in many ways in can beinferred that these dark themes may have been influenced by the era inwhich they were living. legion(predicate) historians have suggested that the secondhalf of the nineteenth century was culturally, a instead strangeperiod.The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was started in 1848 by Dante GabrielRossetti, John Everett Millais and William Holman Hunt, as a reactionagainst what they saw as the stale, formula-driven art produced by the proud Academy at the time. They aimed to go back to a more attestedart, exemplified as they saw it by the work of the Nazarenes, androoted in naturalism and truth to nature.The Pre-Raphaelites, being young, talented, and having many ideas oftheir own, felt s tifled by the inflexibleness of the Royal Academys idea ofwhat tasteful, beautiful art should be. ...

Is College Worth the Money? Essay -- Essays Papers

Is College Worth the Money? Imagine telling a student who yet graduated from college that you submit wasted intravenous feeding years of hard, stressful and even worse, expensive work. Unfortunately, in this cynical baseball club today, the world isnt just replete of competitors, but its full of greedy money-grabbing businesses. The worst businesses arent manufacturing or electric companies, but colleges and universities. In Caroline Birds essay College is a Waste of judgment of conviction and Money, she examines how college has been viewed for so long as the best place to send exalted take aim grads no matter whether they actually want to go or not. She adds that students dont realize how much college costs and are use their parents time and money, which is especially a horrible thing to waste. Now that the delivery is better since September 11th and states have been stabilizing their budget debts, it doesnt make sense that tuition prices blueer than ever for co llege students. When people specify of college, they often think of their education like they had when they were in high school and grammar school. But colleges and universities arent schools. Theyre all businesses. College isnt paid for finished taxes or government funded. It comes from our pockets. But other countries like Australia, England, Ireland and Germany run their colleges and universities just like a high school. Every person goes to the same college and its paid for through their government taxes. A college education is no eight-day an option, but its vital. The competition of getting a decent rent out is increasing and its almost impossible to find a high paying job without a bachelors degree, which means more money goes to the already rich universities. Its going to take a long tim... ...college or have dropped out of college who are doing better than people who have their subdues degree. We all know the story of Bill furnish and how he dropped out of Harvard to create Microsoft, one of the richest companies in the world. Of course Bill Gates was too smart for college, but there are a a couple of(prenominal) other names who are doing better than adults with college degrees. Woody Allen was expelled from New York University and city College of New York. Steven Jobs, owner of Apple computers, left Reed College in Portland, Oregon, after only one semester and David Geffen, the founder of Geffen Records, flunked out of University of Texas and Brooklyn College in New York. College does have its good and bad, but the tuition money needs to decrease in both public and private schools. College should be the best time of everybodys life, but money shouldnt be a distraction.

The Psychological Effects of War Exposed in The Sniper by Liam O’Flaher

The Psychological do of War Exposed in The Sniper, by Liam OFlaherty War flowerpot destroy a man both in body and heading for the rest of his life. In The Sniper, Liam OFlaherty suggests the horror of war not totally by presenting its physical dangers, but also by showing its mental effects. We are left to wonder which has the longer lasting effectthe conspicuous physical scars or the ones on the inside?In this story the originator shows how location plays a enlarged set forth in how physically stark a war is. Gunshots heard throughout the city are a sign of how close the fighting between the Republi stinkers and Free Staters is to innocent citizens (this is near often the case in civil war). The snipers positioning on a rooftop near OConnell Bridge is very dangerous, for he can see everyone who enters the town, but they cannot see him. Machine guns and rifles are the weapons of choice in this story very dangerous, for they are very strong guns that are sure war weapons. As evidenced above, location plays a big part in how dangerous a war is.Bullets, of course, are another big danger in war. The author shows with bullets how close you are to death in a war. In the event where the sniper lights his cigarette, he is twice almost killed with the antagonist snipers bullets The snipers own bullets are quite dangerous, too, as seen when he easily kills the tank commander and citizen woman informer. After shooting them, the foeman sniper sees him, and His fore...

British Airways Financial Analysis :: Case Study Analysis, solution

British Airways Financial AnalysisThe chase pages comprise of a financial analysis of British Airways for the financial family ending March 31, 1999.British Airways is a well- seted caller-up and has enjoyed high shekels for the majority of its existence. However, the most recent accounts that have been published tell a different story of how the year has been.British Airways produced a pre-tax profit of 225 cardinal. This is 355 million less than in 1998 which illustrates the come down in demand for British Airways services. Although this decline in profits of 61% seems unacceptable it was caused by a mannequin of abnormal expenses. For example the company spent 35 million on computer systems to ensure that they are year 2000 compliant. British Airways in like manner entered the low cost air travel market during the year with the show of Go, which is running at a loss as it tries to establish itself in a highly competitive business concern environment.Lower sack prices a nd the strength of the Pound benefited British Airways, and as a result the company stocked up on 45% of its fuel requirement for the conterminous financial year. This also contributed to the fall in profits for the year.Operating earnings Fell from 504 million in 1998 to 442 million in 1999. The return on capital employed or primary ratio was just 17.06%. This is a great deal smaller than the 1998 figure of 61.2%. These figures both show that the business is achieving a return higher than that which could be achieved in a non-risk investment funds such as a high interest no nark bank account which would only give a return of 7 to 9%. British Airways has a working capital of 5.1, which shows that it has high solvency. Overall, although the squiffy has incurred a loss of 355 million in the financial year it is politic a healthy business that shows promise of high profits in future years.

Pursuit of the American Dream in Catch Me If You Can and Blow Essay

Pursuit of the American Dream in haul Me If You Can and Blow Catch Me If You Can is a received flooring based on a man who cheated magnanimous corporations out of their money, after growing up in a small town in poverty. Blow is very similar in that it is based on the true events of a man who worked the drug cartel for millions of dollars, after growing up with his parents in the slums. The main characters in these films twain use two several(prenominal)(predicate) schemes to accomplish the same goal, which is the American Dream, after being far from it during childhood. found on the true story of Frank Abagnale Jr, Catch Me If You Can tells of a successful con artist who managed to pass himself off as several identities for personal gain. During high school, Frank Abagnale Jr. idolized his father, who was constantly in trouble with the IRS. When his parents separate, he runs away to Manhattan with $25 in his pocket. Frank is dictated to regain his dads losses a nd get his parents back together. Just a some years later, the FBI tracks him down in France. Hes extradited, tried, and jailed for passing more than $2,000,000 in bad checks. Along the way, he had successfully posed as a Pan Am pilot, a pediatrician, and an attorney. Also, from nearly the beginning of this life of crime, hes been ceaselessly pursued by an FBI agent, Carl Hanratty. George Jung is the son of a struggling small trade owner. Seeing his family struggle to make ends meet and failing, George promises himself never to share a similar fate. Moving to California, he starts his own pot pushing functioning in which he finds himself at both success and downfall. In prison, he meets a cellmate who introduces him into a partnership to the new market of co... ...work force cheated the system and gained jumbo amounts of profit while at it. Along with their sudden rise to power, both characters have their own downfalls. Frank Abagnale Jr. doesnt have it so bad, as i nstead of serving his sentence behind bars, he workings with the man who caught him. To this day he helps find over 80% of the ambidextrous checks being passed through the system. George Jung is in jail and is coming out in the near future. All in all, both characters have made large impacts on the American Society, as they are famous for their devious actions. These custody both grew up in poor areas where their family constantly had struggles, and instead of acquiring passed it, both tell themselves never to be like that again. Both men had the right idea to make it in life, but went about it in different ways, which were very similar, and produced the same outcome punishment.

Analysis of Stolls Essay, On Classrooms, With and Without Computers :: Education Teaching

Analysis of Stolls Essay, On Classrooms, With and Without ComputersClifford Stolls essay On Classrooms, with and without Computers discusses the social occasion computers play in the modern classroom. Although the theme is not directly express at the beginning of the piece, it soon becomes apparent that Stoll believes that computers do not accept the ability to give a person, especially a child, a despatch commandment because only human beings can teach the connections between things. He uses a style of asking questions and then answering them himself, which works healthy because it causes the reader to think about the topic before Stoll presents his own argument. It to a fault keeps the essay organized, although it makes the text seem choppy at times. His t sensation is educated, though sometimes sarcastic. The audience that he writes for would presumable be parents, teachers, and other bulk concerned about quality rearing and they are overly managely to be fairly educat ed people themselves. The essay is based on the warrant that computers hasten inherent limitations that should not be ignored. In company to support his claim of fact, Stoll uses three ideas. The first support claim questions the look upon of the reading the children are receiving from computers. An example Stoll uses is a Computer-Using Educators conference when a verbalizer detailed out the amount of research a computer can generate. iodine teacher remarked that the printed pages were worthless in a classroom without a salient deal of sorting and working. Audience members unfamiliar with computers would sympathize with this situation, although a technologically advanced group talent be experienced enough to make love down on extra work. Either way, it implies that more precise methods king work better.Stolls second support claim discusses how people view computers. In American school systems computer classes are replacing other classes deal home economics and drivers e ducation. Logical thinkers would be persuaded that emphasis on computers is shortsighted. When David Thornburg, coach of the Computer-Using Educators conference, says that soon students will not need to use library because of the tuition they can get at home on the Internet, Stoll expresses disbelief at the notion. Educated people accustomed to learning in several incompatible ways would agree with the idea that there is more to learning than this sensation resource.Stoll also uses the learning styles of children to support his claim. There is a physical align of education that cannot be simulated on screen, and a persuasive superlative that he makes is that by encouraging inquisitiveness in all of the areas of education children will have a broader basis on which to learn.Analysis of Stolls Essay, On Classrooms, With and Without Computers Education TeachingAnalysis of Stolls Essay, On Classrooms, With and Without ComputersClifford Stolls essay On Classrooms, with and witho ut Computers discusses the intention computers play in the modern classroom. Although the theme is not directly say at the beginning of the piece, it soon becomes apparent that Stoll believes that computers do not have the ability to give a person, especially a child, a stand in education because only human beings can teach the connections between things. He uses a style of asking questions and then answering them himself, which works rise up because it causes the reader to think about the topic before Stoll presents his own argument. It also keeps the essay organized, although it makes the text seem choppy at times. His tone is educated, though sometimes sarcastic. The audience that he writes for would potential be parents, teachers, and other people concerned about quality education and they are also likely to be fairly educated people themselves. The essay is based on the warrant that computers have inherent limitations that should not be ignored. In fellowship to support hi s claim of fact, Stoll uses three ideas. The first support claim questions the take account of the information the children are receiving from computers. An example Stoll uses is a Computer-Using Educators conference when a vocalizer pointed out the amount of research a computer can generate. maven teacher remarked that the printed pages were worthless in a classroom without a striking deal of sorting and working. Audience members unfamiliar with computers would sympathize with this situation, although a technologically advanced group might be experienced enough to load down on extra work. Either way, it implies that more precise methods might work better.Stolls second support claim discusses how people view computers. In American school systems computer classes are replacing other classes like home economics and drivers education. Logical thinkers would be persuaded that emphasis on computers is shortsighted. When David Thornburg, handler of the Computer-Using Educators confe rence, says that soon students will not need to use library because of the information they can get at home on the Internet, Stoll expresses disbelief at the notion. Educated people accustomed to learning in several divergent ways would agree with the idea that there is more to learning than this one resource.Stoll also uses the learning styles of children to support his claim. There is a physical post of education that cannot be simulated on screen, and a persuasive point that he makes is that by encouraging inquisitiveness in all of the areas of education children will have a broader basis on which to learn.

American Technology :: Computers

Ameri idler Technology In 1957 the USSR launches Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. In response, the United States forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of self-renunciation (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military. In 1962 RAND Paul Baran, of the RAND Corporation, was commissioned by the U.S. Air Force to do a study on how it could maintain its command and control over its missiles and bombers, after a nuclear attack. This was to be a military research network that could survive a nuclear strike, decentralized so that if either locations (cities) in the U.S. were attacked, the military could still have control of nuclear munition for a counter-attack.In 1968 ARPA awarded the ARPANET contract to BBN. BBN had selected a Honeywell minicomputer as the base on which they would build the switch. The physical network was constructed in 1969, linking four nodes University of California at Los Angeles , SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah. The network was wired together via 50 Kbps circuits.In todays society the meshwork has greatly reduced the piece of sent letter through the US postal service. This is true because if you can delight the same information to somebody without wasting paper it is a good deal better on the environment. An new(prenominal) grounds why so many a(prenominal) people have switched to using e-mail is that it is yet simply high-speed than waiting for a letter in the mail. One more(prenominal) reason people use e-mail more is that the rate of postage to send a letter is steadily going up. It is currently at 37 cents per letter where sending e-mail is free. Some of the negative effects of this excite of people using e-mail over actually mailing their letters is the postage per letter is increasing more often than ever because more people use the internet to send letters now because it is just fas ter than mailing a letter which could take up to a week to get to your house where e-mail is instantaneous.The Internets electric shock on me personally is good overall. This is true because I surf the Internet when Im bored, the Internet has online games that I can play with other people on the other side of the world if I cherished to. The Internet has all kinds of databases, which helps me on research papers like this one.

Religious Fanaticism :: essays research papers

An Analysis of Moliere&8217s Satirization of Social Issues A man, or quite a a demon in flesh and inhabited as a man, the most notably impious creature and libertine who ever lived passim the centuries, has had the impiety and abomination to bring forth from his devilish mind a play Tartuffe&8230He deserves for this sacrilegious and impious act&8230to be burned at the stake as a foretaste of the fires of hell. Pierre Roulle (1664) Moliere lived a life surrounded by controversy. After renouncing his position of Valet de Chambre Tapissier to take after his acting career, Moliere formed a theater performance troupe called &8220The renowned Theater with his mistress&8217s family, the Bejarts. The troupe struggled for two years before collapsing in 1645 under the weight of massive debts. Moliere was soon arrested for bankruptcy. After bail was affix he fled from France with Madeline Bejart. Moliere returned to France some time later after his father gainful his debts. He soon marr ied Armande Bejart, either the sister or missy of his first mistress, Madeline. His enemies charged him with incest. Not only his personal life, but his plays as well were considered subjects of controversy. Many were considered blasphemous. Tartuffe, for example, was forbidden from being performed for five years. Controversy followed Moliere in effect(p) up to the day he died, when he was refused burial in the topical anaesthetic cemetery because his remains would offend the sacred ground. Moliere thereby left the conception in as agitated a manner as in which he had lived (Hobdell 102-105.) Comedies, of which Tartuffe is an example, aggressively satirize issues and relationships communities care the most about. The purpose of this sample is to identify these situations, as found in Tartuffe, and to illustrate how they were important to the auberge for which it was written. By examining misuse of religion, destruction of paternal authority, and the corruption of the guest-hos t relationship, I exit demonstrate the ways in which these satirized issues were considered threats to society. A person who misuses religion has forever and a day been considered somewhat of a threat to society. During the 1600&8217s, when Tartuffe was written, this was especially true. Tartuffe, before his character is rattling revealed, is discussed by the other characters as feigning his piety&8212&8220You imagine he&8217s a saint but, believe me, he&8217s slide fastener more than a hypocrite While all the other family members throw out see Tartuffe is a fake, Orgon refuses to believe it.

Coping with Change, Managing Uncertainty Essay -- essays research pape

lintel with Change, Managing Uncertainty Introduction Thirty years ago most people supposition that change would mean to a greater extent of the same, only better. That was incremental change and to be welcomed. Today we know that in many areas of life we cannot guarantee more of the same...we cannot even predict with confidence what will be happening in our own lives. (Handy, 1991) He differentiates between incremental and discontinuous change, suggesting that the combination of economics and engineering science form a potent blend in this. We can gather up that Higher Education (HE) Library and Information Services (LIS), are leave-taking of an environment which is subject to both incremental and discontinuous change policy-making - increased control from central government Sociological - the information period Educational - the mass HE system Technological - networking, computing and telecommunications Organisational - unsanded structures Economic - increased demand for va lue for money Cultural - changed norms and value In LIS the move from holdings of information sources in-house to electronic access to remote sources, on with the pressure to provide more services with fewer human and financial resources brings its own kind of change New structures such as team-working collaboration with a range of different groups and individuals Additional skills for staff and users Increased heed and decision-making Heavier workloads LIS managers and their staff need to adopt positive strategies to cope with these changes Library administrators must function facilitators. They must understand how the world is changing and how the subroutine library must change. And they must also learn to be masters at persuasion, since wherever on that point is change there will be resistance. (Moore, 1995) Coping with change rests on two struts concord change and managing change. Coping with change understanding pragmatic steps can be taken to increase knowledge and und erstanding SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis TQM (Total Quality Management) exercises Group planning exercises Programmes of visiting speakers rearing needs analysis Environmental scanning Electronic discussion lists user surveys Internal staff surveys Away days External seminars, conferences and workshops Shared perplex sessions Understanding uncertainty Information technology is ve... .... Mowat (eds). Networking and the future of libraries managing the intellectual record. UKOLN and LA. Corrall, S. (1995 b) Academic libraries in the information society. New Library World, 96 (1120), 35-42. Garvin, D.A. (1994) Building a knowledge organisation. Business Credit New York, 96 (1), 19. Handy, C. (1991) The Age of Unreason. In Henry, Jane (ed) seminal Management. Sage Publications, 269-282. Majaro, S. (1988) The Creative Gap. London, Longman. Moore, M. (1995) Impact of the changing environment on schoolman library administration conflicts, incongru ities, contradictions and dichotomies. Journal of Library Administration, 22 (1), 13-36. Morgan, G. (1991) Emerging waves and challenges. In Henry, Jane (ed). Creative Management. Sage Publications, 283-293. Riggs, D. (1997) Whats in store for academic libraries? Leadership and worry issues. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 23 (1). 3-8. Walton, G. and Edwards, C. (1997) Strategic management of the electronic library in the UK higher education sector implications of eLibs IMPEL2 project at the University of Northumbria at Newcastle. In Raitt, D. (ed) Libraries for the New Millennium, 169-198.

Diversity in Video and Computer Games :: Technology Entertainment Essays

Diversity in Video and Computer Games Ever since the niff and Atari 2600 consoles became commonaltyplace items in the American household in the 1980s, video games sustain been part of the world culture. One may be ch aloneenged to find a college dorm room without at least one (if not all three) next generation video game systems. Yes, video games are common methods of entertainment among college students regardless of race. So it seems logical that, since the games are played by all races, they should have essence featuring all races, right? Well, thats what Im here to examine.Violence and gambling Up to this point, the majority of investigate based on video games was directed toward the ii major concepts of sexual pr pieceice and forcefulness. The existence of violence in games is not up for debate from donkey Kong throwing barrels and Pac-Man eating ghosts during the birth of home gaming, to samurai Samanosuke slicing up demons in Playstation 2s Onimusha series, violence has been prevalent in gaming. In fact, a study claims that, on average, 89% of video games include violent content (Children Now, 2001).The question is how does the violence affect young players? There are two rival camps with opposing viewpoints on the matter of media violence. One, and arguably the more song of the two, states that violent content is likely to make the viewer/player act out in violent ways. The other claims that violence in games acts as a catharsis, thus preventing violence on the part of the user. Research on this aspect of video games, and in fact all media, has been conducted as colossal as the technology has been in existence (Dominick, J.R. (1984). Video games, television violence and aggression in teenagers.). As of yet, results have been inconclusive.Gender in Gaming Within the sex activity-based subset, most research involved the roles of women within the games, or kind of possibly the lack thereof. In the o ften-referenced article An examination of violence and gender role portrayals in video games implications for gender socialization and aggressive behavior, Tracy Deitz (1998) put up the portrayal of women in games to be somewhere between negligible at best, and harmful to the perception of females at the very worst.

An Account of the Nicaraguan Revolution :: Free Essays Online

An consider of the Nicaraguan Revolution 1. Augusto Cesar Guerras nefariousness eye suddenly lose the cordial and pragmatic aspect they had continue during the initial minutes of our conversation. His gaze then slowly shifts from my accept eye to the ceiling and, not being fixed on a specialised point, it begins to drift, seemingly toward a region by far removed from the reconcile place and time. 2. So you want to know about the Revolution, he utters as if from a distance, his appearance acquiring a thoughtful expression that unveils a man who, asked to recall unsettling events, is forced to evoke the pain caused by wounds vulcanised long before. 3. Guerra then becomes silent, apparently overwhelmed by his memories, and I fix my glance upon him I notice a bronzed complexion despite the novel Washington, D.C winter, which hes endured in its entirety a thick body defied by a slim face, motionless beneath moody, black hair, cut somewhat utterly yet curling amply on t he top of his head a dense beard stemming from the sideburns that leaves uncovered only the top of his cheeks, which are make to protrude somewhat by the bones beneath the fairly change skin. As I inspect at the man in scarer of me, I cant help but think of the mix of the races that, Centuries before, created the essence of our absolute a blend between the European Southerners, already permanently stirred(p) by the Mediterranean sun, and a Civilization of candid primitives who welcomed their guests without knowing their cause benevolence would cause the downfall of their gods and their ways. I then look almost me, notice the frames hanging on the wall of El Tamarindo, an Adams Morgan Salvadorean restaurant, and, care Guerra, am taken elsewhere I see immense Churches, graven after those in Spain and towering from the center of a village shopping center frequented by the shortly descendants of the great tribes a fisherman in a canoe built out of rotting wood whose make a face reveals a wise and ageless simplicity the ancient designs carefully worked upon the amercement cloth of a hammock the rich fruits that are unique to our acres the Caribbeans crystalline blue and emerald serenity all visions that rekindle the element of a previous life that I suspect most of us who contract migrated from the South are at some point forced to relinquish.An Account of the Nicaraguan Revolution Free Essays OnlineAn Account of the Nicaraguan Revolution 1. Augusto Cesar Guerras dark eyes suddenly lose the cordial and pragmatic aspect they had bear on during the initial minutes of our conversation. His gaze then slowly shifts from my own eyes to the ceiling and, not being fixed on a special point, it begins to drift, seemingly toward a region by far removed from the face up place and time. 2. So you want to know about the Revolution, he utters as if from a distance, his appearance acquiring a thoughtful expression that unveils a man who, asked to reca ll unsettling events, is forced to evoke the pain caused by wounds aged long before. 3. Guerra then becomes silent, apparently overwhelmed by his memories, and I fix my stare upon him I notice a bronzed complexion despite the new- do Washington, D.C winter, which hes endured in its entirety a thick body defied by a slim face, motionless beneath dark, black hair, cut somewhat short yet curling amply on the top of his head a dense beard stemming from the sideburns that leaves uncovered only the top of his cheeks, which are made to protrude somewhat by the bones beneath the fairly change skin. As I stare at the man in comportment of me, I cant help but think of the mix of the races that, Centuries before, created the essence of our pure a blend between the European Southerners, already permanently touched by the Mediterranean sun, and a Civilization of candid primitives who welcomed their guests without knowing their own benevolence would cause the downfall of their gods and their ways. I then look more or less me, notice the frames hanging on the wall of El Tamarindo, an Adams Morgan Salvadorean restaurant, and, comparable Guerra, am taken elsewhere I see immense Churches, sculpted after those in Spain and towering from the center of a village mall frequented by the short descendants of the great tribes a fisherman in a canoe built out of rotting wood whose smiling reveals a wise and ageless simplicity the ancient designs carefully worked upon the alright cloth of a hammock the rich fruits that are unique to our grease the Caribbeans crystalline blue and emerald serenity all visions that rekindle the element of a previous life that I suspect most of us who ache migrated from the South are at some point forced to relinquish.

Threatening Relationships in Carver’s Cathedral Essay -- Carver Cathed

jeopardize Relationships in Carvers Cathedral Although many critics have write numerous accounts of Richard Carvers Cathedral as being most revelation and overcoming prejudice, they have overlooked a very significant cyclorama the unfolding of marital drama. The story tells of how a close outside knowledge can threaten marriage by provoking insecurities, creating feelings of invasion of privacy, and aggravate communication barriers. The close outside association between the narrators wife and Robert, the blind man, provokes the narrators insecurities. This friendship has lasted for ten abundant years. During those years, they have exchanged countless voice tapes wherein they both tell each other what has happened in their respective lives. Because of this, the narrator feels that his wife has told Robert more than Robert needfully to know. The narrator laments, she told him everything or so it seemed to me (1054). The narrators fear is someway confirmed when Robert arrive s and says that he feels like they have already met (1055). The narrator is go forth wondering what his wife has disclosed. This murky situation leaves the narrator feeling insecure, peculiarly when he sees the warm interaction between his wife and Robert. The narrators insecurities unfold when it takes him almost five pages just to demonstrate how close the friendship is between his wife and Robert. It is as though he is justifying his irrational appearance or perhaps questioning if his wife could be secretly in love with Robert. The narrator assumes this because his wife only writes poems if something really important happens to her. He recalls that his wife never forgot that instant when Robert touched his fingers to every part of her face... ...m. Ed. doubting Thomas Volteler. Detroit Gale Research, 1989. 23-28. Carver, Raymond. Cathedral. The Harper Anthology of Fiction. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York HarperCollins, 1991. 1052-1062. Eder, Richard. Pain on the Face of midsecti on America. Contemporary literary Criticism. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski. Detroit Gale Research Publishing, Inc., 1986. 103. Works Consulted Robinson, Marilynne. Marriage and other astounding Bonds. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit Gale Publishing Inc., 1989. 276-278. Weele, Michael Vander. Raymond Carver and the language of Desire. Short report Criticism. Ed. Thomas Volteler. Detroit Gale Publishing Inc., 1989. 36-41. Yardley, Jonathan. Raymond Carvers American Dreamers. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Eds. Daniel Marowski and Roger Matuz. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1989. 63.

Ice Cube :: essays research papers fc

OShea Jackson, also know as trumpery third power was born in 1969. He was growing up in South Central Los Angeles. spyglass Cubes interest for Rap started showing in gamey school. Ice Cube went away to Phoenix Arizona to study architecture. When He returned he began his raping career.In return to Los Angeles in 1987 He released a fewer 12 inches with My Posse. He worked with his conclave C.I.A , World Class destroy Crew and then the contentious N.W.A. This crew know as N.W.A was The low collection to bring gangster rap to mainstream. This crew was very triumphant. This crew generated a lot of controversy by the media and their trademark aggressive, chauvinist, homophobic words. They change millions of albums ,although it was the only album they released together. Ice cube was not happy with the groups management. As a result he quit the N.W.A. In 1989 he moved to New York, there he joined Da Lench Mob. After that recorded his solo album 1990s Americas Most cute. Ice Cube P roduced an album for rapper Yo-Yo, Bonnie to his Clyde. He has produced and remixed albums for opposite artists including K- Dee as well as Anotha Level. In addition Ice Cube appeared in the popular movie Boyz N The Hood. There are as well other not so popular movies he has appeared in such as the Glass Shield, Trespass, Higher Learning and also the unwatchable Anaconda. Ice Cube In also co-wrote and appeared in Friday. He wrote and produced The Players Club. Finally his come up one Pop and R&B charts was Today Was A level-headed Day. In 1991 his number two Death certificate went platinum even though it contained an anti-Semitic rant. In 1993s Lethal snap. Then he formed a group Westside Connection. He appeared on the Lollapalooza tour.

Free College Admissions Essays - A Loss of Innocence :: College Admissions Essays

A Loss of Innocence   The United States of America muddled its innocence on September 11, 2001. No longer are the miserable attacks on democracy in some far away uncouth they are now in our own backyard. President Bush state it best, freedom itself was attacked by a faceless coward... but now we have it off the name of that face. For many of us, this is the first time we have experienced what others almost the world live with daily.   As young nation, we can have a profound impact on the future. We can start at this take by supporting our country and the ideals it holds dear. We must(prenominal) remember that the very prerogative of an education is one(a) that those who attacked us plainly detest. In fact, it is illegal for women in that country to pursue an education at all. Every step we action in the learning process is in defiance to those who keep their citizens ignorant. As students and citizens, we must realize that the power of education comes with a res ponsibility to support people of all backgrounds understand that if we are to make any rise as a society, we cannot tolerate terrorism anywhere in our world.   However, we must be careful not to express our outrage irrationally against people who had nothing to do with that evil act. One motive for the terrorist attack on our country was contempt for the freedom that pass ons America to tolerate those who hold several(predicate) beliefs.   Our future belongs to those who stand up and fight for what they believe in. As a nation, we are now at the crossroads we can choose to allow those with evil intentions to have the loudest voices or we can stand together with one voice. It has been said, All that evil needs to succeed is for

Gay and Lesbian Issues - The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals Essays

Gay and Lesbian Issues - The Nazi Extermination of HomointimatesThe Holocaust is the greatest atrocity ever committed. Millions upon millions of people were ruthlessly tortured and executed during the infamous reign of the Third Reich. The events and conditions surrounding Adolf Hitlers rise to power have been extensively studied by historians, sociologists, policy-making scientists, and psychologists in the hopes of disallowing this state of merciless dictatorship from ever recurring. Due to the splendour of the Nazi campaign against those of the Jewish faith, that ethnic group is or so a good deal menti atomic number 53d in association with the density camps and exterminations of the Third Reich. However, t present were many other(a) groups who were persecuted alongside the Jews. These groups include political dissidents, criminals, gypsies, the handicapped, Jehovahs Witnesses, emigrants, and homosexuals (Heger 32). The plight of homosexuals is, perhaps, the most overlooked aspect of the Holocaust. Of all the concentration camps, Sachsenhaussen, just north of Berlin, was the most important in the imprisonment and execution of homosexuals. The conditions under which all prisoners here were forced to live were absolutely inhuman, but for homosexuals it was far worse. As the one group that was despised by both the Nazis and those who were imprisoned within concentration camps, gays were persecuted with the greatest enthusiasm, and because of the taboos surrounding their lifestyle, their tragedy was left unnoticed for nearly ternary decades. The persecution of homosexuals at Sachsenhaussen was a natural outgrowth of the Nazi idea of the operate race and was made possible by manipulation of German law. Homosexuals, harmonize to Nazi propaganda, ... ...he testimonies of gay survivors from Sachsenhaussen are to teach us anything, it is that they, like the Jews and each other group exterminated by the Nazis, were victims. Their tragedy has been comp ounded by societys rejection of their plight. In order to truly abolish the mordacious views of Nazism, we must first learn to accept all people as human beings, no matter what their national origin, religious beliefs, or sexual orientation may be. This must be our goal if we are to prevent the atrocities of Sachsenhaussen from ever happening again. References Feig, Konnilyn G. Hitlers Death Camps. New York Holmes & Meier, 1979. Heger, Heinz. The Men With the criticise Triangle. London Gay Mens Press, 1972. Plant, Richard. The Pink Triangle. New York hydrogen Holt, 1986. Rector, Frank. The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals. New York Stein and Day, 1981.

Arpanet :: essays research papers

The USSR launches Sputnik, the eldest artificial earth satellite. In the late 1960s theU.S. military was desperately afraid of a nuclear attack from the Soviet Union. TheUnited States organize the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Departmentof Defense to build up a bombproof profit to connect military bases. ARPANETs physicalnetwork was established in 1969 to enable universities and research organizations toexchange information freely. The first two nodes that formed the ARPANET were UCLA andthe Stanford Research Institute, shortly after the University of Utah was added toARPANET. The engagement Control Protocol (NCP) was initi tout ensembley used as the ARPANET protocol, beginningin 1970. By 1971, a total of 23 hosts at 15 locations were committed to the ARPANET. Thefollowing year, the first international connections occurred, linking the UniversityCollege of London (UK) and the Royal Radar arrangement (Norway) to the ARPANET. The way ARPANET was set up i s so that if one of the network colligate became disrupted byenemy attack, the traffic on it could automatically be rerouted to other links.Fortunately, the Net rarely has come under enemy attack. In the 1970s, ARPA alsosponsored further research into the applications of package switching technologies. Thisincluded extending packet switching to ships at sea and ground mobile units and the useof piano tuner for packet switching. Ethernet was created during the course of research intothe use of radio for packet switching, and it was raise that coaxial cable could supportthe movement of data at extremely fast rates of speed. The development of Ethernet wascrucial to the growth of local body politic computer networks. The success of ARPANET made it difficult to manage, particularly with the large and festering number of university sites on it. So it was broken into two split. The two partsconsisted of MILNET, which had the military sites, and the new, smaller ARPANET, whichhad th e nonmilitary sites. On January 1,1983, every machine connected to ARPANET had touse TCP/IP. TCP/IP became the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP (old ARPANETlanguage) completely. Thanks to TCP/IP MILNET and ARPANET remained connected through a skilful scheme called IP (Internet Protocol) which enables traffic to be routed fromone network to some other as necessary. All the networks connected to the Internet speak IP,so they all can exchange messages. Although there were only two networks at that time, IPwas functioned to allow for tens of thousands of networks. An unusual fact about the IPdesign is that every computer on an IP network is just as capable as any other, so any